I. Anthropology
Definition of anthropology, its historical development and recent trends
II. Social Anthropology
Definition of culture, its characteristics and functions
Relationship of anthropology with other social sciences
Subfields of anthro:
a) Biological Anthro
b) Archaeology,
c) Linguistic Anthropology
d) Socio-Cultural Anthropology
Institution of Family and Marriage
(Definitions, types, structures, functions, family organization)
Kinship and Social Organization
(Definitions, types, functions, kinship terminology etc)
Economic Organization:
(Definitions, evolution, substantive versus formalism, reciprocity, production,
consumption, distribution, barter and primitive economic systems)
Political Organization:
(Definitions, the evolution of the political system, characteristics of (band, tribal, chiefdom
and state societies), theories of the origin of state societies (internal conflict
theories, external conflict theories, population and irrigation theories,
institutionalization of leadership and the emergence of the state, and system theories),
origin of civilization, the politics of identity, ethnicity and ethnic relations,
nationalism, modernism, post-modernism etc.
Religion:
(Definitions, the evolution of primitive religions, functions of religion, comparison of
Devine religions and other world religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism
etc)
Contemporary Human Problems:
Poverty, social inequality, political instability, population problems, ethnic violence
and terrorism etc.
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination
III. Urban Anthropology
Rural-urban migration, expansion of cities, major environmental issues, sanitation
problems, urbanization and development, the establishment of slums and squatter settlements,
refugees, Yankees, betties, gipsies, wars and conflict, conversion of power from feudal to
industrialists, institutionalization, education system, and change in the mode of production
(agriculture to capitalists), poverty (theories and remedies), management of city life
(psychological, cultural, economic, political, religious, physical, environmental, ecological,
demographical, lingual etc.), Karl Marx and conflict theory, problems created by the
mechanization and automation.
IV. Socio-Cultural Change
Definitions, the difference between social and cultural change, various dimensions of cultural
change, barriers to cultural change including (cultural, psychological and political), internal
dynamics for change, external dynamics for change, population increase and change,
diffusion of innovations, socio-religious barriers in accepting innovations and new ideas,
media and cultural change, dynamics of change in Pakistan (Trends and prospects)
V. Ethnicity and Race
Theories related to ethnicity and race, ethnicity and racism, nations and nationality, ethnic
conflict, degree of social variation, rank societies, caste and class societies and social
stratification etc.
VI. Anthropological Theories
Contributors: (Edward Burnett Taylor, Lewis Henry Morgan, James Frazer, Karl
Marx, Edmund Leach, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Alfred L.
Krobber, Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski, Clifford
Geertz, Talal Asad, Akbar S. Ahamd, Ibn Khaldun, Shah Walliullah)
Classical Theories: (Degenerations, Evolutionism, Neo-Evolutionism, Diffusions)
Modern Theories: (Functionalism, Structural-functionalism, Class struggle,
Structuralism, Historical Particularism, Feminism, Culture and personality)
Current Trends in Anthropological Thoughts: (Post Modernism, Romanticism,
Poetics and Politics of Ethnography)
VII. Anthropological Research Methods
Meaning, definition, types and aims of anthropological research
Qualitative and Quantitative research
Purpose of research, research question, variables, hypothesis, research
objective(s), research design, sampling, field data collection, tools of data
collection (questionnaire, interview, participant observation), data classification,
data analysis, and reporting.
SUGGESTED READINGS
| S.No. | Title | Author |
| 1. | Anthropology | William A Haviland |
| 2. | Cultural Anthropology | Onrad Philip Kottak |
| 3. | Diffusion of Innovation | Evert M. Roger |
| 4. | Socio-Cultural Dynamics and impact of Technological Change | G. M. Foster |
| 5. | Pakistani Society | Akber S. Ahmed |
| 6. | Economic Anthropology | Sutti Ortiz |
| 7. | Political Anthropology: An introduction | Ted. C. Lewellen |
| 8. | Pukhtun economy and society | Akber S. Ahmed |
| 9. | Principles of Anthro | Eliot Dismore Chapple and Carleton Stevens Coon |
| 10. | Anthropology and Modern life | Franz Boas |
| 11. | Anthropology and Contemporary Human Problem | John H. Bodley |
| 12. | Sindh and the Races that inhabit the Valley of the Indus | Richard Burton |
| 13. | The People of Pakistan | Yu. V. Gankorvsky |
| 14. | Anthro and Development | Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan |
| 15. | An Introduction to Theory in Anthro | Robert Layton |
| 16. | Anthropological Theory | John R. McGee and Richard L. Warms |
| 17. | Anthropology in Pakistan | Stephen Pastner and Louis Flam |
| 18. | Anthro (13th edition) | Carol R. Ember, Melvin R Ember and Pet N Peregrine |
| 19. | Other Cultures | John Beattie |
| 20. | A Hand Book of Social Science Research | Bevelry R. Dixon, Gary D Bouma and G.B.J. Atiinson |
| 21. | Frontier Perspectives: Essays in Comparative Anthro | Clarlies Lindholm |
| 22. | Generosity and Jealousy: The Swat Pukhtun of Northern Pakistan | Clarlies Lindholm |
| 23. | Friend by Day and Enemy by Night: Organized Vengeance in a Kohistani Community | Lincoin Keiser |
| S.No. | Title | Author |
| 24. | A Punjabi Village in Pakistan | Zekiye Eglar |
| 25. | The social organization of the Marri Baluch | Robert Niel Pehrson |
| 26. | Introducing Anthropology | Park, MA 2007 |
| 27. | Peoples and Cultures of Asia | Scupin, R 2005 |
| 28. | Outlines and Highlights for Anthropology | Scupin, R and Decorse, CR 2010 |
| 29. | Economic Anthropology | Stuart plattner |
| 30. | Economies and Culture | Richard Wilk |
| 31. | Introduction to Anthropology of Religion | Brian Moris |